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The correct selection indicates that the mesosphere extends from approximately 30 miles (about 50 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and reaches up to around 50 miles (about 85 kilometers) in altitude. This region of the atmosphere is significant because it is where most meteoroids burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere, creating meteor showers.

The mesosphere is situated above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, which helps to give context to its position in the atmospheric layers. Understanding these layers is crucial as they each have distinct characteristics, such as temperature profiles and behaviors of various atmospheric phenomena. Thus, the accurate knowledge of the altitude range of the mesosphere is essential for studies related to atmospheric science and meteorology.